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Al-Mahdi Abdallah
Al-Mahdi Abdallah (1793 - 28 November 1835) was an Imam of Yemen who ruled from 1816 to 1835. He belonged to the Qasimid family, descendants of the Prophet Muhammad, which dominated the Zaidi imamate of Yemen from 1597 to 1962.
==Return of the Tihamah==
Abdallah bin Ahmad was one of about twenty sons of Imam al-Mutawakkil Ahmad. After the death of his father in 1816, he successfully claimed the imamate, under the name al-Mahdi Abdallah. A British surgeon visited him in 1823 and described him as a tall, slender man of dark complexion, almost resembling an
. He was reputed to have an excitable nature and changed his ministers with great frequency. His government was portrayed as very weak. The imam had to pay large stipends to various tribes in order to prevent them from plundering the land. However, the local shaykhs grew more assertive over time, and demanded higher subsidies.〔R.L. Playfair, ''A History of Arabia Felix or Yemen''. Bombay 1859, p. 140.〕 This had become apparent when a crisis broke out in 1818, after al-Mahdi had mistreated errands from the Bakil tribe. As a consequence, the northern tribes entered San'a and plundered for 22 days. Only when al-Mahdi promised to pay 120,000 Riyals did they withdraw.〔Yehuda Nini, ''The Jews of the Yemen 1800-1914''. Harwood 1991, p. 10.〕
The time when al-Mahdi Abdallah took over power was a turbulent one. The politico-religious Wahhabi movement had intervened in Yemen since 1803, and the area controlled by the imam had shrunk critically. Parts of the lowlands, Tihamah, stood under the chief of Abu Arish, Sharif Hamud, who took an independent position and sometimes supported the Wahhabi ruler. When Hamud died in 1818, he was succeeded by his son Ahmad. Ahmad allied with the Saudi family, leaders of the Wahhabi movement, in order to fight the Ottoman troops in Najd. However, the Ottoman troops were victorious and proceeded to invade Abu Arish. Ahmad was captured, and all his possessions in Yemen were handed back to al-Mahdi Abdallah. In spite of mutual distrust, an agreement between the imam and the Ottomans was effectuated, whereby the imam undertook to send coffee deliveries to the sultan's court. After 15 years, Tihamah was therefore once again in the hands of the Zaidi state.〔Caesar E. Farah, ''The Sultan's Yemen; 19th-Century Challenges to Ottoman Rule''. London 2002, pp. 15-16.〕
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